When disaster strikes in underground spaces—subway tunnels, collapsed buildings, or mining shafts—one of the first systems to fail is communication. Traditional wireless networks struggle with signal blockage, leaving first responders without critical coordination tools and trapped individuals isolated. The DARK-5G project delivers a breakthrough solution: a portable, rapidly deployable 5G network designed specifically for emergency scenarios in challenging underground environments.

A Self-Contained 5G Network for Crisis Response

The system’s core is a compact “network-in-a-box” running a 5G standalone (SA) architecture. Unlike fixed telecom infrastructure, this portable unit can be activated on-site within minutes, providing immediate connectivity. Built on open-source software (Open5GS) and software-defined radio (USRP), it supports the low latency and high bandwidth required for real-time communication, video streaming, and IoT sensor data—critical for coordinating rescue efforts.

Leaky Feeder Cables: The Key to Underground Coverage

Traditional antennas fail in tunnels due to signal degradation around bends and obstructions. DARK-5G solves this with leaky feeder cables—a specialized coaxial design that radiates 5G signals along its entire length. These cables are inherently resistant to interference and physical damage, ensuring continuous coverage even in collapsed or debris-filled environments. During trials in London Underground test facilities, the cables maintained strong signal penetration over 100+ meters, a game-changer for emergency deployments.

Smart Detection and AI Optimization

The system integrates Wi-Fi sensing devices to detect smartphones and other wireless devices, even in darkness or smoke. By fusing Wi-Fi and 5G data, it estimates survivor locations with 95% accuracy in tests. AI dynamically allocates network resources, prioritizing first responder traffic through network slicing while maintaining connectivity for trapped individuals.

Proven in Real-World Simulations

Recent large-scale trials simulated tunnel collapses and blackouts, with the system successfully restoring communication where traditional networks failed. A portable command center provided real-time monitoring, while MCX (Mission-Critical Services) enabled emergency broadcasts. The results validate DARK-5G’s readiness to transform underground emergency response—not just in transit systems, but also in mining, utilities, and smart city infrastructure.

By merging rugged hardware with intelligent software, DARK-5G ensures that when disaster strikes below ground, connectivity won’t be another casualty.